• 1銆label棣欐腐璁拌呬负浠涔堟埓澶寸(📘)洈
• 2銆label宀(bǎo )宠姵鑻卞(📘)湪(tuàn )鐢佃(📘)涓(juān )婂彂鐜伴(📘)珮蹇楄繙鏄鍑犻泦
• 4銆label鍘(📘)嗗彶涓婃湁鍝簺浜轰(📘)鸡鎯

1銆label棣欐腐璁拌呬负浠涔堟埓(liě )澶寸洈

2銆label宀(📘)(bǎo )宠姵(📘)鑻卞湪鐢佃(📘)涓(📘)婂彂鐜(📘)伴珮蹇(📘)楄繙鏄鍑犻泦

鏅(📘)氫笂锛(bēn )岄珮寤哄浗(qiú )涓(juān )嬬彮鍥炲(tái )埌瀹讹紝宀(📘)(bǎo )宠姵鑻(📘)卞綋鍗冲枈浣忥紝(rèn )鎶婄(📘)櫧澶湅(📘)瑙佷簡楂樺織(zhī )杩滅殑(📘)浜嬪憡(cè )璇夐珮寤哄浗銆傜櫧澶湪(📘)鐢(📘)佃涓婅鍒伴(📘)珮蹇楄繙鍙(hù )涓嫳璋(zhā(📘)ng )堝垽(yìn )浠(xī )鏉埌棣欐腐ftp杩炴帴鍚庯紝宀宠姵(pè(📘)i )鑻辩珛(📘)鍗冲氨璺戝幓(📘)浼(měi )氶锛岃繙杩(📘)滃(📘)湴鐪(lǔ )嬭(📘)楂樺織杩滃拰璁拌呭湪璋堣瘽锛屽渤(📘)鑺宠嫳鍠婁(📘)簡(jiǎn )楂樺織杩滅殑鍚嶅瓧鍗磋繕(📘)(shàn )娌湁鑳藉寰楀埌楂(zhā )樺(📘)(huà )織杩滅殑鍥炲簲(📘)銆(📘)imgsrchttpimg1gtimgcomcdpicshv125222559238552427jpg楂樺缓鍥(qiè )戒竴(cūn )鍚氨浠栦(chóu )滑鏉簡姘旓(shāo )紝鎬荤(📘)畻鍜岄珮蹇楄繙鍐嶆鐩搁紝宀宠姵(pèi )鑻卞钩鏃剁(duò )殑澶棑(📘)闂(📘)効绔炵劧(📘)钄簡(📘)锛岀(chū )湡鏄叧閿(📘)椂鍒绘帀閾(yù )惧瓙銆(📘)傚(📘)渤(📘)鑺宠嫳涔熸槑(📘)鐧借嚜(📘)宸辫禌鏋(📘)滅晱缂(📘)棤璇濆彲璇(📘)达(dá )紝灏嗙濂藉(jiè )悕瀛(yíng )楃(wò )殑(📘)鎶垫娂鍚(yáng )堢害浜(bāng )粰浣犱滑楂樺缓(huǎn )鍥戒究鍥炲眿韬茬潃鍥炪p

3銆label鏈夋病鏈夋亹(📘)鎬栫殑灏忕瀵(📘)嗗彲浠垎浜h3

2003骞寸殑(📘)鏃跺欙(léi )紝閭(📘)(lǘ )椂(📘)鍊欐垜鎵0宀侊紝(rèn )鎴戣寰楅潪甯告(gào )竻(📘)妤(yú )氾紝鍦埛鐖峰(fēng )鐨(fèi )勫妲愭爲(📘)涓嬪彂鐢熶(📘)簡鑷充(📘)粖鎴(xí )戦(📘)兘璁负(fù )闈炲(📘)父鍙曠殑(qí(📘)ng )浜(📘)嬫儏銆h1閭(lǘ(📘) )涓崍锛屾垜鐜(📘)板湪鍙笉杩囦(📘)(yuān )粈涔堥兘鐪嬩笉(📘)娓(wěi )呮鎴戣寰楋(là )紝澶皵闈炲父澶儹锛(📘)屼篃(mèi )鏄殤(shāng )鍋(📘)囷紝浠墠澶湴閮借鐑(📘)寲浜嗕竴鏍枫p

鎴戝悆瀹(yuè(📘) )屼互(📘)鍚庡崍楗拰鎴戠(zhí )埛鐖锋(fēng )垜鍏荤殑澶粍(zhé )鐙椾竴璧风帺(📘)锛屾垜鎵旀(📘)湪(📘)澶村畠缁欐垜鍙煎嚭鍘伙紝姝帺寰(huán )楀紑蹇冪殑鏃跺欙紝蹇界劧(📘)闂撮棿(📘)澶粍鐙楀(📘)啿鍚戦櫌闂(hòng )紝缁撴潫浣垮姴鐨勫彨锛(bē(📘)n )屾垜(duǒ )灏卞(📘)(biàn )噯澶(📘)囧鍘绘壘瀹冿紝鐪嬩(📘)竴涓(📘)嬪彂鐢熶簡浠涔堜簨(zhuàn )鎯呫p

鍙槸(yì )瀹冨(📘)洖(📘)鍘(📘)讳互鍚庝互鍚庡拷(📘)鐒(láo )堕棿灏变笉鍙簡锛屽鐫(📘)灏惧反灏卞洖鍘讳簡(📘)锛岃娓(wěi )呮杩欏彧澶粍鐙椾絾鏄(📘)浉褰撳潥寮虹殑(📘)锛屾湁杩囧拰(nǐn )鏉戦噷闈殑(qíng )澶嫾(📘)鐙(📘)楀挰鏋堕兘娌湁杈撹繃锛屼絾瀹冮偅鏃跺欑(zuà(📘)n )殑鏍峰瓙锛岀(📘)湅(📘)涓婂幓鍍(📘)忔槸鐪嬪(pín )埌浜嗗寮烘(hō(📘)ng )倣鐨勪簨鎯呬(📘)竴鏍凤紝鎴戜篃(📘)鍚撳緱鏁(suǒ(📘) )嚭闂(📘)簡銆(📘)p

涓嶈(📘)繃鐖风埛瀹剁殑(📘)闄棬(juàn )澧欏褰撶(huá )劧涓嶉珮锛屼篃灏变竴绫(📘)(líng )冲乏鍙筹紝鑰屼笖鏈変竴娈(📘)垫槸鏈(📘)妗瓙锛岃(📘)(yen )繖(📘)涓椂鍊欐垜灏(📘)辫洞鍒版瀛愬悗闈線(📘)澶(📘)(chán )栫湅锛岀獊(cāng )鐒堕棿(📘)闂存(📘)昏(hū(📘)n )寰(📘)椾竴鑲緢鍑夌殑椋庡氨鍚(📘)逛簡杩涙(lè(📘)i )潵锛岀(📘)劧鍚(📘)庡(📘)(yǐ )啀(📘)鎱戜汉(hàn )涓(juān )嶅彲鎬濊(wèi )鐨(📘)勪簨鎯呭氨鍙戠敓浜嗕(📘)粈涔堜簡锛屼竴涓(juā(📘)n )緢(má(📘)o )楂樺(📘)緢鐦(📘)鐫澶潅涔变(📘)笉鍫殑(📘)浜猴紝閭潃涓鏍瑰绮楀(yǔ )鐨勬瀛(📘)(yíng )愬(📘)氨璧颁簡涓婃潵锛屼絾鏄(tuán )蛋(📘)鐨勫(fā(📘)n )緢鎱緢鐤叉儷(📘)锛(📘)屼粬涓彧(📘)鐪艰寰楁槸绌虹殑锛岃儭瀛愬鍙戜篃閭箞鐭紝澶氬(yà )骞(📘)撮緞鎴戜篃(📘)鐪嬩笉(📘)杩(📘)涘幓锛(📘)屼粬(📘)鐩寸洿(wū )鐨(📘)勫(📘)氨(ān )璧颁(bān )簡杩囧幓浜嗐傜劧鍚庡啀灏辫(biàn )共鍦埛鐖(📘)风殑涓(📘)妫靛妲愭爲涓嬶紝韫插湪(📘)閭噷鍚冧笢瑗(📘)挎椂锛屽悆(📘)鐨勪粈涔堟垜涔熸病娉剰鍒帮紝浣(📘)嗘槸鏄(📘)寰楀悆鐩稿(gǎo )緢鎭愭栵(lì )紝褰(qiān )撴椂鎴(📘)戜(dié )篃(📘)(mèi )娌暍闇插(chā )锛岄偅(📘)鏄(📘)紡鍦(📘)湪妗瓙鍚庨(📘)潰锛岀(📘)洿鍒(róu )颁粬(📘)鎱(📘)參鐨勮蛋杩溿(pàn )傜瓑浠栬蛋杩滀(📘)簡鎴戞(📘)墠鍘绘壘澶粍锛屽榛勯偅涓涓嬪崍(📘)閮(📘)藉氨娌庝箞鍔p

鍚庢潵鎴戜滑涓(📘)涓嬫锛屽惉鏉(📘)戦噷闈殑(📘)(qíng )浜鸿锛(📘)屾垜浠潙(📘)瀛愰噷闈墠鍑犲鏉簡涓涓伃闂(📘)箣绁(xiè )告潃浜虹姱(kuā )锛屾潃浜嗛殧(jiù )澹佸幙鐨勪竴(cūn )涓(juā(📘)n )潙(📘)鏀功鍏8鍙紝鍚杩囨槸鍙(📘)(hù )笉杩囨(piān )瀬(lài )鍖(zhēn )栫敓鐜(📘)夌殑鍘熷洜锛(bēn )屽惉璇村悗鏉璀(📘)療鏁戣蛋浜嗐p

鎴(📘)戣繖涓(📘)椂鍊欐墠(📘)娓呮浠墠璺(📘)笂缁(zī )忚繃鐨勬(juān )槸涓(📘)涓潃浜虹姱銆傜幇鍦兂(📘)涓(📘)鎯(láng )抽兘(shǐ )涓(juān )闃(📘)靛悗鎬曚笉宸插(📘)拰鍏韩(📘)鍙戞姈(📘)銆p

4銆label鍘嗗彶涓(juān )婃湁鍝簺浜轰鸡鎯(📘)

杩囦簡(📘)鍑犳棩(yuān )涓(📘)浣嶅巻鍙蹭笂(📘)鏈娈嬫(róng )棤浜轰鸡鐨勭(📘)殗甯濓紝浠栦(chóu )笉浠呭(📘)紤鐖剁浜(📘)嗙殗浣嶏紝(📘)杩樺嚮鏉浜嗗(📘)厔闀匡紝濂歌颈浜嗘瘝浜诧紝姝汉閭氨(📘)鏄殝鐐甯濄p

鏉箍鏄殝鏂囧笣鏉潥鐨勫(📘)効瀛(📘)愶(📘)紝(📘)姝汉(hàn )闃撮櫓姣(jiāo )掕荆锛(📘)屽伐浜庡(yǐ(📘) )績璁(📘)紝涓斿張浼氫吉瑁呫傚(📘)綋(hó(📘)ng )鏃讹紝(📘)鏉箍鐨(📘)勫摜(guàn )鍝潹鍕囧凡琚珛(xiù )涓哄瀛愶紝浣嗘潹骞垮(kuǎ(📘) )嵈鏃犳(📘)椂鏃(📘)犲(📘)埢杩樺湪瑙戣鐨囦(📘)綅銆備粬寰堟竻(📘)(lè )妤氾紝闃(qù )荤浠栫櫥(chú )涓婄殗浣(📘)嶇殑姣旇(📘)緝澶(📘)殰纰嶆槸鏉媷(📘)锛屼粬闇(📘)瑕佸敖(á(📘)o )閫熸潃姝昏繖绉嶉殰纰嶃傝岋紝(📘)鏉箍缁撴潫瑷璇(xuán )幓璁(cōng )鐖(jī )剁殗鏉(shòu )潥锛(📘)屽苟灏嗚(📘)嚜宸遍櫡闃辨垚涓浣嶉噸鎯呴噸(📘)涔夌殑浠佹厛(📘)鍚涘瓙銆(📘)p

鏈変竴(📘)娆紝鏉潥鏃犳剰涓潵(📘)鍒版潹骞跨(📘)殑浣(📘)忓锛屼粬(qū(📘) )绐佺劧鍙戠幇(📘)鏉箍鐨勪功妗堜(lià(📘)n )笂鎽嗘弧浜嗕(rù )功鍗凤紝鑰屼竴鏋(📘)剁(duò(📘) )惔鍒(róu )欒鍐峰喎(📘)鍦板湴绌(📘)虹疆浜庝(📘)竴涓钀(📘)斤紝(📘)涓(📘)婇潰瀹屽叏瑕嗙洊(jiàn )浜嗕(📘)竴灞傜伆灏(📘)樸(📘)傛潹鍧氫粠(📘)鑰(📘)(yào )屼互涓猴(hóu )紝鏉箍鏈笉鍠(huáng )滀笉鍠滀簬锛(📘)屽(àn )嵈鏄竴涓瀛笉(📘)鍊殑璇讳功(📘)浜(bā(📘)ng )猴紝蹇(jiǎn )呮槸(yì )蹇楀悜(chěng )杩滃銆傝繕(shàn )鏈(liàn )変竴涓竴娆紝(📘)(rèn )鏉(📘)箍璺熺潃鍑犲悕闅(📘)忎(📘)粠鍘昏(📘)鐚庯紝鍦鏃锋棤浜虹殑閲(yuè )庡(📘)鍒(📘)氬(📘)阀閬(láng )囧埌浜嗕簡(📘)涓鍦哄(hǒng )闆(pǎn )紝闅忎粠(📘)浠悍(hàn )绾疯(📘)劚(📘)涓嬭嚜(📘)宸辩殑琛涓烘潹骞(📘)挎(📘)姭濂芥尅闆紝(📘)鍙(hù )潹骞垮嵈鏂劧鍦颁笉鍙(📘)楋紝璇翠綘浠劚浜嗚(wū )鏈嶄负鎴戞(jiá(📘) )尅闆(📘)紝浣(huàn )犱滑鍙楁穻(yū(📘) )鎴(📘)戜(📘)簬蹇冧笉蹇嶏(📘)紝(📘)涓嶅鎴戜(📘)滑(📘)涓(juā(📘)n )璧疯闆穻(📘)鍚紒杩欎欢浜(📘)嬫(📘)儏琚潹鍧氬惉璇磋繃(📘)浜嗭紝瀵(📘)规潹骞垮(kuǎ )張澶氫簡鍑(fù(📘) )犲垎(hè )濂(📘)芥劅锛(📘)岃鐫(📘)浠栧崄鍒嗙(bēng )埍(📘)涔嬪(📘)績銆(mò )p

澶瓙(📘)鏉媷涓嶈繃灏辫繕(📘)娌湁澶(📘)鐨勫績(📘)鏈(liàn )猴紝涓(juā(📘)n )嶆渶鍠勯暱(📘)琛幇锛岄殝鏂囧(jiǒ(📘)ng )笣(📘)鏉潥瀵硅(📘)繖浣嶅(📘)(áo )瀛愪竴鐩翠笉(📘)(qǐn )鐢氬(📘)璋(📘)簡(jiǎn )锛岀(📘)幇鍦笌鏉箍涓(📘)姣旇緝姣(📘)(jiāo )旇緝锛屾(📘)洿(wū )鎬昏寰(📘)(huán )楁棤鍫鐢傚彟锛屾(shēn )湞寤蜂腑鐨勮澶氬鑷(niè )兘涓(juān )庢潹骞夸氦(📘)鎯(lá(📘)ng )呬笉(📘)閿欙(léi )紝涓炵浉鏉礌鏇存(cún )槸鏉箍鐨(fèi )勯搧鍝滑(huá )锛屽湪浠栦滑鐨勯紦鍔笅锛(📘)(bēn )岄(📘)殝鏂(📘)囧(📘)笣鍒版渶鍚庡簾鏉媷鑰屾敼(yǐ(📘) )绔(📘)嬫潹(📘)骞(📘)夸(kuā )负澶(chán )瓙銆p

鏉(📘)箍(gū )鍋氫簡(📘)澶(📘)瓙鍚庯紝闅嬫(📘)枃甯濅(📘)究灏嗘(jī )湞鏀垮浜嬮兘浜笌鏉箍澶勭悊锛(📘)岃嚜宸(📘)卞(📘)畾涓嬪績鍦粊瀵垮(kuǎ )鍏荤梾銆傚啀鍚庢潵锛岄殝鏂囧笣(📘)鐨(📘)勭梾鍔挎(📘)棩娓愪綆娌夛紝渚垮彫(📘)鏉箍鏉粊瀵垮(📘)浜唬鍚(yáng )庝簨(📘)锛屼互闃蹭竾涓銆(📘)傛(yǒng )鏃剁(📘)殑鏉箍锛(bēn )屾棭浠笉鍐嶉煬(📘)鍏夊吇鏅紝浠栧嚌瑙嗙(📘)潃濂勫涓(📘)鎭殑鐖剁殗锛屽(àn )績涓繕娌湁鍗婂(📘)垎鎮(zhèn )蹭激(jī(📘) )锛屽弽鍊掓劅瑙(nǎo )夌殗浣嶈揩鍦湁(📘)鐫(juān )紝涓(juā(📘)n )嶇(📘)绗(háng )戦愰寮銆傞殝鏂囧(📘)笣(bāo )铏(xíng )芥畫(📘)鍠(📘)橈(📘)紝浣(📘)嗕粬棰嗘(📘)偀鍒颁簡鏉箍(📘)姝椂鐨(📘)(fèi )勫(📘)(fān )績鎬(📘)濓紝(📘)瑙(nǎo )夌潃鑷繁鐪嬭(ě(📘)r )蛋浜嗙溂锛岄夐敊(📘)浜嗗瀛愶(📘)紝(📘)(rèn )闅忓悗澶獋(📘)涓閫氭(📘)潹绱犮(bá )p

杩(📘)欎竴(cūn )娆紝鍙(📘)堝彂鐢熶簡涓浠朵簨(zhuàn )鎯(láng )咃(📘)紝浠殝鏂囧笣(bāo )涓嬬嫚蹇冭閲(yuè )嶇珛鏉媷涓哄瀛愩傚師鏉紝闅嬫枃(📘)甯(níng )濇(📘)湁涓鍚嶇(📘)(qū )埍濡冨彨瀹崕(📘)澶汉锛屽(à(📘)n )涓(juā(📘)n )鐩撮櫔渚(zhǔ )嶅湪鏉潥鐨勭梾姒诲墠銆傛潹骞(qiān )挎潵鍘绘帰鏈(liàn )涚埗(bù )鐨囨椂锛岀珶鍙槸鍠(huáng )滄(📘)涓婁(📘)簡(📘)瀹崕澶汉鐨(📘)(fèi )勫璨屻傞氳繃杈堝垎锛(📘)屾(📘)潹骞(📘)胯偗(📘)瀹氱瀹崕澶(📘)汉涓(📘)烘瘝浜(📘)诧紝浣(📘)嗕(rù(📘) )粬涓濇涓嶇悊(📘)浼氫汉浼紝褰诲簳(📘)娣(📘)浜嗗(📘)銆p

瀹崕澶汉鍚戦殝(📘)鏂囧笣鍛婂瘑浜嗘(jī(📘) )潹骞跨殑鍏(wéi )借(📘)锛(bēn )岄殝鏂(📘)囧笣鎬掍笉鍙亸锛屼究缁(📘)欏簾澶瓙鏉媷(📘)涓(juān )嬪瘑鏃紝娆茶浠栦笉鑳界(jiè )户鎵跨殗(📘)浣嶃傚彲鎯滐紝(📘)(rèn )瀵嗘(jī(📘) )棬(📘)(juà(📘)n )閮借繕娌嚭(📘)瀹紝渚胯(📘)涓炵浉(shī )鏉礌缁欐姠浜嗛(qiàn )澶(chá(📘)n )翠簡锛屼粠鑰屾潹骞夸究鐭檽(📘)浜(📘)嗕竴鍒(róu )囥(kàng )傚湪(tuàn )鏉礌鐨勫(📘)崗(📘)鍔笅锛屼竴鍦鸿鑵(guàn )斂鍙(📘)樺啀娆垎鍙(hù )戜(📘)簡(jiǎn )銆(mò )傛潹骞(qiān )垮畨鎺掑浜(📘)嗗(📘)彲(📘)淇殑鍗叺鎺埗骞跺叆涓(📘)讳簡闆烽福浠佸瀹紝(📘)鎺(📘)潃灏嗛殝鏂(📘)囧笣鏉(shòu )姝伙紝浠栫櫥鍩轰(hōng )负甯濈鍙栦(📘)簡鐨(📘)囦綅銆p

鏉箍褰(qiān )撲笂鐨囧笣锛屼(📘)究椤虹悊鎴愮(📘)珷鍦(📘)板湴(📘)鐙(📘)嚜闇稿崰(zī(📘) )浜(bāng )嗗鍗庡浜(bā(📘)ng )猴紝(📘)灏嗚(wū )繖浣嶆瘝浜茬撼涓哄珨濡冦備粬鏄负宸浐鑷(📘)繁(📘)鐨勭(📘)殗(📘)浣嶏紝杩樺皢鍝(📘)摜(guàn )鏉媷鏁欐潗涔犻瑙瓟(📘)涔濅釜(fǔ )鍎垮瓙褰诲(📘)簳鏉姝伙紝杩欎竴鍑轰(📘)(hōng )汉浼儴鍓(jí )紝鍦崐涓腑鍥(📘)藉巻鍙蹭笂涔熸瀬(lài )涓哄(hǒng )皯瑙(📘)侊(📘)紒

濂(📘)囬椈(jú )寮備(📘)簨锛岀(📘)簿褰悍鍛堬紒鍠滄灏(📘)卞叧(guǎ )娉锛侌(📘)煃馃崁