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绱(⌚)犺壊宸哺瀹剁殑杩炶(⌚)瑁(⌚)欐瘮(shèn )杈冩(⌚)瘮杈冨亸澶嶅彜鏂(⌚)囪壓涓鐐癸紝鑴辨帀濂逛滑(⌚)瀹(⌚)剁殑杩炶瑁欙(⌚)紝鎷嶄竴缁(⌚)勫唴甯(níng )枃(jìn )鑹(⌚)烘(⌚)(hōng )皵(què )鎭殑鐓墖瓒(⌚)呮湁(⌚)鎰熻鐨勫摝(⌚)锛(⌚)p

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姊呭瓙鐔熶簡瀹剁殑杩炶瑁(mào )欙紝鏄(⌚)繖9瀹跺簵閾(yù(⌚) )轰腑鎴戞渶鎴(xí )戞渶(yīng )鍠(⌚)(huáng )滄鐨(⌚)勪(⌚)竴瀹跺浠杩炶瑁(⌚)(mào )欑瀹炶秴(gé )浠欑殑(qí(⌚)ng )锛(bēn )屽瀹剁殑(qíng )娉场(⌚)琚栵紝(⌚)鍫嗘弧鐨(⌚)勮暰(cō(⌚)ng )涓濈(jí )唬鑺憋紝鏈夋病涓绉(⌚)嶅叕(⌚)涓昏鐨勬劅(⌚)瑙(⌚)夊憿(⌚)(jī )锛p

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鏈槗鏄撳鐨勮繛琛锛(⌚)屾槸(⌚)灞(⌚)炰簬姝(⌚)効(xiào )鍏粡鐨勭(⌚)鑺(⌚)辫繛琛锛屽(⌚)氨鏄湅(làn )璧锋(⌚)潵濂藉(jiè )儚(⌚)寰堟瘮杈冨(fù )鐪(⌚)嬶紝绌夸簡(⌚)浼氭洿濂界湅鐨(⌚)勯(dā(⌚)n )偅绉嶏紝浣嗚繖鏍风殑(qíng )杩炶瑁(⌚)(mà(⌚)o )欎竴鑸細鎸(⌚)戣(⌚)(kuí )韩鏉(⌚)愶(xié )笍

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骞(⌚)曞厰(ān )瀹(⌚)舵垜鍦緢鏃互(hù )鍓嶅氨澶(⌚)氭敹钘(⌚)忓暒(⌚)锛屽瀹(⌚)剁(⌚)(duò )殑杩炶瑁欐寮忎(⌚)(rén )笉绠楀锛屼絾姣忎竴娆炬槸鐪熺(xī )殑閮芥槸寰(⌚)堝緢鑰愮湅鐨勯(dān )偅绉嶏紒鎰熻澶鏄撹繃(⌚)鏃讹綖(⌚)

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璐峰鍚嶅瓧鍏(⌚)跺畠锛屼絾杩炶瑁欐(⌚)槸(yì(⌚) )鏄湡鐨勪笉鍏(⌚)跺畠鍝濂逛滑瀹剁殑杩炶瑁欒川(chuān )鍦板(⌚)亸鏌旇蒋锛屾(⌚)暣浣撳琛湅鏉崄鍒(róu )嗘煍鍜屾俯娑imgsrchttpsp3searchbyteimgcomimgpgcimage2121c62c3fc84f70bee450e717973afbtplvttcs0360478jpeg

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楹瓙(dà(⌚)o )瀹剁殑杩炶瑁欐寮忔(⌚)瘮(⌚)杈冨閫(⌚)夋(⌚)嫨澶(⌚)(chán )氭牱(⌚)鍖(⌚)栵紝(⌚)鍝曞鍙(⌚)皯濂抽鎴戣(⌚)(kuí )繕鏄棩(⌚)绯诲(⌚)皬娓呮柊(⌚)锛屼粰濂宠(⌚)锛屽(⌚)浠搴旇鏈夛紝骞朵笖濂(⌚)逛滑瀹剁(duò )殑瑁欏瓙(⌚)鍗婅韩鏁堟灉閮介兘寰堝锛屽崄鍒嗕竷(⌚)鍒嗚鍝

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鏂(⌚)伴(⌚)灏氬鐨勮(⌚)繛琛(⌚)閮藉緢(⌚)鍋忔硶寮(⌚)忓(⌚)鍙锛(bēn )屽叕(⌚)涓诲紡鐨勮摤钃锛岃繕鏈変(⌚)竴(⌚)涓嵎(yú )鍙惰竟棰嗭紝鍐嶉(⌚)厤涓婁慨(kǎi )韬(⌚)殑瑁欏瓙(dào )锛(⌚)屼細涓嶄細寰堟湁婕敾閲(⌚)岀殑鎰(⌚)熻鍛紵

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浣犵殑(⌚)鍏虫(⌚)敞(⌚)鍜岀偣鐨勪綘鏄粈涔(⌚)堣(⌚)禐锛屾(⌚)垜閮戒弗鑲冨綋鍋(guō )氫(⌚)(qīng )簡寰(huán )堝枩娆

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璁板緱閭槸(yì )2005骞村澶殤(⌚)鍋(guō )囨湡闂村彂鐢(⌚)熺殑浜嬶(bí )紝褰(⌚)撴(⌚)椂鎴戜竴鐩村湪涓婂浜岋紝鎴戝湪瀹舵(⌚)斁(⌚)鍋囧嚑澶棤姣斿钀藉(⌚)鏃犺亰涔嬫椂锛屼竴(⌚)涓嶆劅鎰(⌚)忓(⌚)鐨勪汉鑱旂(⌚)郴浜嗘(⌚)垜銆傚鏄垜涓(juān )鏃跺悓骞寸骇鑰屼笉闅斿鐝殑涓涓鐢燂紝褰(⌚)撳垵(ǎn )鍦(⌚)腑瀛(⌚)椂鍙(hù(⌚) )笉杩囨椂(lù )涓嶆椂(⌚)鏈夎(⌚)繃(⌚)鍑犳浜泦锛(bēn )屽钩鏃惰浜(⌚)嗛(qiàn )潰(kuì )鍙笉杩(⌚)(mà(⌚) )囨(piān )俯鍜(xiá )岀殑(⌚)绗戝鐫鐐圭偣澶存垨(⌚)鑰(⌚)呯(pí(⌚)ng )畝(⌚)鍗曠偣鎵撲釜鎷涘懠鍙笉杩囥(⌚)傚(⌚)澶(chá(⌚)n )辩鐨勬潵(⌚)鐢碉紝涓嶄(zhǎn )粎浠呰鎴(⌚)戝嶆(⌚)劅鎰忓(⌚)锛屽悓鏃舵洿(⌚)璁垜(⌚)涓(⌚)堜(⌚)簩鍜(⌚)屽皻鎽镐笉(⌚)鐫澶磋剳锛屽績閲屾湁(⌚)涓涓囦釜闂(⌚)(hòng )彿(⌚)(fú(⌚) )锛(⌚)屽湪椋樻潵鑽(⌚)幓鈥p

鏈鍚庝(⌚)竴娆(⌚)鍒(róu )板锛岃(yen )繕鏄(⌚)(tuán )湪褰撳勾涓鎿嶅満(⌚)杈逛(⌚)笂鐨(⌚)勫洖寤婁腑(⌚)锛屾竻鏅板湴璁扮殑濂65绫崇殑(qíng )韬珮锛屼竴澶磋(⌚)繃鑲粦鍙(⌚)戞椂鎬绘姭钀(⌚)藉湪鑴(⌚)戝悗锛屽澶殑鐪肩潧(⌚)(zhēn )鍐嶅(⌚)彟澶栧(yì )井寰殑濠村効鑲紝鏍(⌚)煎娓呮竻(⌚)绾函(⌚)(há(⌚)n )銆備簨闅斿皢杩戜袱骞村悗锛(bēn )屽(àn )湪(⌚)鎵嬫(róng )満閫氳(⌚)瘽(⌚)涓紝(⌚)鎴戝喎(⌚)涓(⌚)嶄竵鑸紝鎯(⌚)抽兘涓嶆(⌚)兂鍦拌(bà(⌚)n )禐鎴愪簡(⌚)濂瑰(guī )仛鍑虹殑瑙佷竴闈(wé(⌚)i )殑(⌚)瑕佹眰锛屽(⌚)苟鎶婅(⌚)闈殑鍦扮(bàn )偣(yān )瀹氬湪涓瀹堕搴楋(là )紝涓璧风(⌚)浉绾(⌚)倣(⌚)鏅氭(⌚)椂瑙佷(⌚)簡闈竴璧峰悆涓櫄楗p

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閭釜濂瑰拰鎴戜粠(⌚)鍓嶇殑濂(⌚)冲(⌚)弸(pēng )鍦悓涓鎵澶栧浗璇瀛(⌚)幓(⌚)蹇典功锛屽苟鍦垜鍓(⌚)嶅鍙嬮偅(zhòng )閲岃兘寰楀埌浜(⌚)嗘垜鐨勬(⌚)墜鏈(⌚)(liàn )哄(⌚)彿鐮併傜(yáo )绔熶负(fù )浣曟(⌚)鏃(zú )舵垜(⌚)鐨(fèi )勮(jù )剳琚嬮噷(hēn )锛屾帴(⌚)杩戜簬涓鐗囩鐧斤(⌚)紝鏄(⌚)彧涓嶈繃(bēng )瀹虫曪紵鏄洜涓洪暱(⌚)鏃堕棿鏈杩囨紓浜鐢燂紵鎴(⌚)戞兂搴旇瑕(⌚)(xiá(⌚) )佷笉褰(qiān )撶劧(⌚)浜嗗(wā(⌚) )惂鈥(huǒ )彲鍏蜂綋鐪嬫槸鍙笉杩囦粈(⌚)涔堬紝鎴戜篃鑾悕鍏跺(duò )鐨勬劅瑙夈備竴椤块鐨勬椂(⌚)闂达紝鎴戜(⌚)滑鎴戣繕(⌚)鏄(⌚)(tuá(⌚)n )浜嗗緢(máo )澶氳(⌚)瘽鐨(⌚)勶紝(⌚)浠庡鍗楁捣鍖楀埌婊眽鍏(⌚)腑锛(⌚)屼粠鑺卞鏈堝渾(⌚)鍒伴鏈哄鐐(liào )儫鐙(dèng )繕娌(lǐ )湁鑱婁负涔堣瑙佷釜闈紝(⌚)(rèn )鑰屾垜(⌚)绔熶篃(⌚)涔(⌚)熸病闂(⌚)p

鐪(lǔ )嬪悜浠(xī )庣(⌚)涓惤涓嬬獥澶栬溅姘撮榫(⌚)欑殑琛楅亾锛屾垜涓涓濅竴姣槸娌湁绁炴櫤鍒版(bǎ(⌚)n )椂(⌚)(lù )闂村皢(xiǎo )杩1鐐逛簡锛屼竴椤块(kuà(⌚)i )涓釜浜虹珶(⌚)鐢簡瓒呰繃涓(⌚)変釜澶(⌚)氬(⌚)皬鏃(zú )垛煭鏆傜(⌚)殑鐬(huì )棿鐨勫瘋闈欏悗濂规兂瑕(⌚)佹垜闄杩囧幓璧颁竴璧般傛兂缃湞鐫鍓(jí(⌚) )嶆柟濂(⌚)瑰鐨勬柟鍚戯(hū(⌚) )紝鎴戜(⌚)滑骞惰偐璧(bì )颁(bā(⌚)n )笀(⌚)閲忕潃鍦扮悆锛屾(⌚)椂鑰屾(shēn )矇(⌚)榛(⌚)樻椂鑰屽瑝绗戯紝鏀炬(jù )澗涓嬫潵(⌚)鏋佷簡鈥簨鎯呬笅(⌚)鏉緢涔呯粨(bǎi )鏉熷(⌚)悗(mán )锛(⌚)屾垜(⌚)鎵嶅(⌚)弽鏄犺繃(bēng )鏉紝灏辨槸(yì )鍦繖鏃讹紝濂瑰拰(nǐn )鎴戜(dié )竴鍚岃蛋鐨勮窛(kò(⌚)u )绂伙(⌚)紝(⌚)瓒婃潵瓒婅(jū )繎(⌚)鈥p

涓(juān )閬撶传(⌚)绾(⌚)壊鐨勫(fān )埄闂槧浜簡鎵(⌚)鏈夌殑澶滅锛岃杩囧線鐨(fèi )勮(⌚)浜鸿(hóng )溅杈(⌚)嗛(⌚)兘蹇熶簡(⌚)浠栦滑鐨勯熷害锛岃繖鏃舵(⌚)垜浠彁(gē )閫熻眴(⌚)澶殑闆(⌚)偣鍦(⌚)媯椋庡湴鍔犳寔涓嬬姽濡傜偖寮逛(⌚)竴鑸(⌚)紝鏀掑(⌚)皠鍒版(⌚)垜淇殑韬笂锛(⌚)岀柤鐨勫涓嶇杞昏(⌚)(hūn )交涓棰傚鍦紝鑴氫笅鐨勮矾鍦墠鏂(⌚)瑰嚑鐧剧(⌚)背澶栬繕寰楄秺杩囬珮鏋(mǎn )舵(duò(⌚) )锛(⌚)岀溂楂樹(shù )簬椤剁殑(qíng )楂樻灦妗繕鑳(⌚)藉鎸笅涓嶅皯鐨勯洦(⌚)姘淬傛垜浠笁姝苟浣滀袱姝悜鍓嶆柟璺戝幓锛屾墜涔熺揣绱湴鐨勬彙鍦簡涓(juān )璧枫傝韩杈逛笉鏃舵(duò(⌚) )湁(chì(⌚) )铏界劧鎯虫(chóng )硶鐨(⌚)勪(jué(⌚) )汉缁曡(⌚)繃鎴戜(dié )滑锛岃刀鍚戝悓涓涓(juā(⌚)n )洰鐨勫(⌚)湴銆傜瓑鎴戜(⌚)(dié )滑鍐嶅彲(⌚)鍒拌揪(⌚)鏃跺叏閮芥病鏈(⌚)夊(suī )湴鏂硅翰寮浜(bāng )嗭紝鎴戜(⌚)滑(⌚)鍙滃湴娌湁鍔炴硶韬(⌚)插湪鏈杈圭紭鈥p

闆娍杩(⌚)樺湪绱犳(zhuó(⌚) )棤(cuò )棰囦(⌚)负(⌚)蹇屾儺(⌚)鍦板浣庯紝(rèn )閬(⌚)块洦鐨勮矾(fán )浜(⌚)轰篃鍦(shī(⌚) )閫熷湴鍑(⌚)忓皯锛屾湰灏卞緢澶(chán )殑闈鍒归(⌚)(guī )偅闂存嫢鍫(⌚)典(⌚)笉鍫傝(tà )屽姣笉鐘硅鲍鍦(shī )板湴韬(⌚)插(⌚)埌(làng )浜(⌚)嗘垜鐨勬閲(⌚)屸彲(⌚)涓嶇(⌚)煡(jìn )閬撴(⌚)(dūn )槸(⌚)鍥犱负(⌚)琚(⌚)繖鈥滆(gé )閫兼棤(cuò )濂堚(⌚)濈殑閫夋嫨锛屽簲璇屼笖鍒氭(dōng )墠(chǎn )鐨(⌚)勫(⌚)(fā(⌚)n )璺戯紝濂规湰鏃墷鐗湴鐩告(gào )姷鐨(⌚)勮兏鍙紝姣曠珶鍓儓(⌚)闇(⌚)囬鐨(fèi )勫懠鍚革(⌚)紝鎸緱鏇(⌚)寸(cùn )揣(chuāi )浜嗐(hài )備袱(⌚)鍥(qiè )棤姣旂殑(qíng )鏌旇蒋瑙勬绔熺劧(⌚)(zhǐ )閭埇鐨勯泟(chēng )浼熷瑙傦(⌚)紝杞(qǐ )腑(⌚)甯煣鐨(fèi )勬(juān )劅(⌚)瑙夊鏋(mǎn )佷簡銆傚彧涓(juān )嶈繃濂逛(⌚)綆鐫澶(chán )达(⌚)紝鎴(⌚)戝缁堣兘瀵熻鍒板鐨(⌚)(fèi )勫缇(⌚)炰笌闅惧牚銆(mò )傛椂闂(hòng )村(cūn )拰浠庢垜瑁瓙涓婃(⌚)淮涓嬬(⌚)殑(⌚)闆按涓(juān )鏍凤紝涓鐐逛竴婊村湴娴佹穼杩囥傚(xiào )湴闈笂鑳介噺(xin )姹囪仛鐨勯洦姘磋(⌚)秺鏉(⌚)(shòu )秺瀵嗛泦锛屼笉闀跨殑鏃(zú )堕棿绔熺劧濡傛澶(⌚)稿紶鐨(fèi )勬矑杩囦(yuān )簡(jiǎn )鎴戠(⌚)殑灏忚(⌚)吙(huō )銆(⌚)傜(yáo )珯鍦(⌚)(shī )滄(cāng )邯姘(⌚)粹濅腑(⌚)锛屽涓婅繕(shàn )鏈夐(⌚)浂闆舵暎(yìng )鏁(⌚)鏉(⌚)殑(⌚)姘撮浘锛(bē(⌚)n )屽(à(⌚)n )鍐峰緱(gōu )浼告(⌚)墜棰姩(⌚)锛屾垜涓嶇(qū(⌚) )姽(⌚)璞湴绱揣鐨(fèi )勬(⌚)姳浣(huàn )忎簡(⌚)濂癸(guǐ )紝(⌚)璁鐨(fèi )勮劯姝绘鍦(⌚)(shī )板湴璐村(cūn )湪鎴(⌚)戠殑(qíng )鑲(xiāng )唨涓娾p

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鍙(⌚)堢粡瓒(zàn )虫湁涓(⌚)涓皬鏃剁(duò(⌚) )殑绛夊緟锛(⌚)岃櫧璇寸姘撮噺鐪熷垏浜(⌚)嗭紙娣辩殑鍦版柟濡傛澶(⌚)稿(⌚)紶鐨勫埌浜(⌚)嗗(⌚)鑵(⌚)匡級鍙槸(yì )鏆撮洦缁堜簬鎴(⌚)愬姛(⌚)閫愭(⌚)笎(yuá(⌚)n )杞仠(⌚)浜嗐傛垜鍒嗗紑浜虹兢娓煍浼(⌚)兼按(⌚)(àn )鐨(⌚)(fèi )勬(⌚)壎(xūn )鐫濂(⌚)硅(⌚)蛋鍚(⌚)戜簡鎷(⌚)尋鐨勪汉缇傛湭(⌚)鍙(⌚)栧緱鎰(⌚)挎(⌚)剰涓(⌚)杞韩灏(hào )嗗绋崇鍦拌儗璧(bì )凤紝鍙(hù )屾墜(zhuì )涔熸嫋(⌚)鍦簡濂圭殑(⌚)鑷閮笂銆傚杞昏交鍦版墦(fān )浜嗘垜涓涓嬪悗锛屽張娓涔栧(⌚)阀鍦颁紡鍦簡鎴戠殑(qíng )鑳屼笂锛屼换(⌚)鎴(⌚)戣儗鐫濂硅蛋鍑洪偅瀵傞潤(rù(⌚)n )鐨(⌚)(fèi )勫璺p

娣变竴鑴氭祬(zhī )涓鑴氱(⌚)殑璺(⌚)笂锛屾槸閭牱鐨勫畨闈欙(⌚)紝(rèn )鎴戜(⌚)咯杩樻病鏈夊帇鍒惰(⌚)繖(sǎ(⌚)n )浠(xī )藉畞闈(⌚)欙紝鑳芥(⌚)劅搴斿(⌚)埌鐨勫彧(yù )鏈夋垜鎬績鐨勫懠鍚(⌚)革紝(rèn )杩欎簺濂圭殑(qí(⌚)ng )缇(⌚)炴(yǎng )订涓庡濂界殑韬潗(jí )銆傚鐪熷垏浜嗙(bēng )姘斿嚭(pǐ )濂囩殑(⌚)鑷劧(⌚)娓呮柊锛岀瀹炲懆韬笂(⌚)涓嬭鏈嶅敖(⌚)婀(ē )匡(⌚)紝(⌚)(rèn )涓嶈垝鏈嶇殑璐村湪韬綋涓婏紝浣嗘垜鐨勫績(⌚)(jì )鎯(⌚)呭鏋佷簡锛屽浼拌涔熻(⌚)繖鑸傚掓槸(⌚)鎴戝烦缁忕伒(yín )榄傛剰璇嗗(wā )埌浜嗭紝杩欏畞闈欑殑澶滀(⌚)篃(⌚)璁告槸鍐嶈繃绛変竴浼氬効浼氭(⌚)湁涓鍦哄崄鍒嗗法鐑堚(⌚)滄毚(chán )椋庨(⌚)洦(⌚)鈥濆惂鈥p

鍒版渶鍚庯紝澶滆矾鏉埌浜嗙粓鐐癸紝鎶婂(⌚)涓嶄細鏈夊嵄闄湴閫佸洖浜嗗銆備竴璺笂鎴(⌚)戔滆閫兼棤濂堚(⌚)濆湴鍗犱簡(⌚)濂(liá(⌚)n )逛竴(⌚)璺殑(qíng )鈥(huǒ )滆吹鈥濓(⌚)紝(⌚)鍜潃鍢村攪鑴歌壊绾氶氱(⌚)殑濂(⌚)(liá(⌚)n )逛(⌚)簬鏄箮鍦版(⌚)媺浣忎簡鎴戯紝骞(⌚)剁朝杞(qǐ )湴鍛婄煡鎴戝瀹堕噷娌汉锛岀埗姣嶉兘(shǐ(⌚) )鍦殑锛屽(⌚)洖鑰佸(⌚)(huó )鍥(⌚)(qiè )炪備笉鏂槻鐩楅(⌚)棬鐨(⌚)勮(jù )嚜(me )鍔叧闂紝(rèn )鏇翠笌姝悓鏃跺婀(ē )挎級婕夌殑(⌚)杩(mà )炶瑁(mào )欎级淇愬湴钀(yǐ )戒(jiè )笅锛屼(⌚)竴(cūn )鍒(⌚)囩(yún )殑涓鍒囬兘瑙(⌚)夊(suī )緱(gōu )涓嶅(⌚)彲(⌚)鎬濊鑰屽(à(⌚)n )張(zhāng )鍚堟儏(⌚)鍙(⌚)堝悎鐞嗗(⌚)湴涓嶅彲鑳藉彂鐢熶簡锛屼絾(ché(⌚)ng )鏄湪杩欓洦(⌚)鍚庣殑澶忓閲(yuè )屽彂鐑彂(⌚)鍐疯繃鐨勫啀(⌚)涓娆彂鐢熶簡鈥p

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3銆label鐢(⌚)熸鐙欏嚮绗笁瀛缁撳眬(⌚)

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